Who authorizes movements on controlled track?

Movements on controlled track are authorized by the Operator or Dispatcher because their role involves managing train operations and ensuring safety protocols are followed. The Operator or Dispatcher is responsible for coordinating train movements, monitoring track conditions, and communicating with train crews regarding signals and track occupancy. This position is critical in maintaining the flow of traffic while preventing accidents or conflicts on the rail network.

In contrast, other roles such as the Station Manager, Train Conductor, and Railway Engineer may have specific responsibilities related to their functions, but they do not hold the authority to grant permission for movements on controlled track. For example, while a Train Conductor oversees train operations and ensures compliance with safety regulations, they do so within the constraints set by the Dispatcher. Each role plays an integral part in railroad operations, but the Dispatcher holds the ultimate decision-making authority regarding track movements.